The formula is quite simple, discount future Dividends + Book Value using government yield. Itās subjective, therefore shouldnāt be used as a single factor when determining what companies to invest in.
*From the 1993, Berkshire Hathaway Letter. * āIntrinsic value is a present-value estimate of the cash that can be taken out of a business during its remaining lifeā . Warren Buffet, Chairman's Letter - 1993
The tool also forces me to look at the number of shares of a company in the past. Step 3 and Step 5.
I always avoid companies that are āprinting / issuingā too much shares through Warrants and Convertible Debt. We see this a lot with AIM and penny stock companies.